International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)

Implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) Through Ancient Tombs of Sultan Barumun Era to Enhance Historical Thinking Skills of MAN Barumun Students: A Qualitative Analysis

Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, Bincar Nasution — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative research examines the implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) through the ancient tombs and historical sites of the Sultan Barumun era to enhance historical thinking skills among students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Barumun. Involving 50 students, 3 history teachers, 4 community guides, and 2 school administrators, the study employed mixed qualitative methods including structured observations (8 sessions), semi-structured interviews (7 participants), focus group discussions (2 sessions with 30 students), document analysis, student learning journals (weekly reflections), and site visits over a four-month period. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with open and axial coding procedures to identify patterns in student engagement, understanding, and skill development. Results revealed significant improvements in students' historical thinking skills across six dimensions: source analysis and interpretation (7-student increase to Proficient level), historical contextualization (7-student increase), causation and chronological reasoning (16-student increase), evidence-based argumentation (Advanced category achievement), perspective recognition (38 students in Advanced category), and synthesis and conceptualization (1-student progression to Proficient level). Thematic analysis identified six primary themes: enhanced critical engagement (23 occurrences), deepened historical understanding (28 occurrences), active participation and agency (31 occurrences), emotional connection to heritage (26 occurrences), collaborative learning dynamics (29 occurrences), and implementation challenges (17 occurrences). The study demonstrates that IBL through culturally significant historical sites effectively develops students' capacity for historical thinking while fostering emotional connections to local Islamic heritage and regional identity..

Technical guidance on the use of Sengon and Jabon Logging Waste as Renewable Fuel to increase the Economic Value of the Andalambe Village Forest Farmers Group, Konawe, Indonesia

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The International Collaborative Community Service Program, conducted by the Forestry Study Program of the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences in collaboration with the University of Technology of Mara, Malaysia, aims to: Provide training on utilizing sengon/jabon wood waste (harvested) by converting it into wood pellets as a renewable energy source; and Increase the economic value of community forests by improving the quality of primary wood and creating value-added products from waste. This community service activity is implemented through outreach and practical training on making wood pellets from sengon/jabon waste, introducing the potential of wood waste as a renewable energy source. Techniques for collecting, drying, and shredding wood waste, as well as the process of molding the shredded waste into pellets, are also covered. After this activity, community forest farmer groups can utilize and convert previously unused waste from sengon and jabon felling into wood pellet products. Environmental benefits include more sustainable forest management and reduced wood waste, which can otherwise pollute the environment. The expected benefits for the partner (UiTM) include applying existing knowledge and technology in the context of international community service and strengthening collaborative networks.

Utilization of Local Resource Feed For Balinese Cattle

Fri, 09 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This community service activity is carried out as a form of academic contribution to enhance the knowledge and skills of the community, especially the Kelompok Ternak Amerta Sari in Kesiut Village, in processing and preserving local resources as alternatives for livestock feed, particularly for Bali cattle. The issues faced by farmers in this area include limited availability of fresh feed, especially during the dry season, and the suboptimal use of local feed materials such as straw, turi leaves, and other agricultural waste. Through this activity, the service team provides training and guidance in feed processing techniques such as fermentation, silage, and the production of complete feed based on local resources. The methods used include counseling, technical demonstrations, and hands-on practice together with the farmer group members. The results of this activity show an increase in the understanding and skills of the community in preserving and processing livestock feed.

Integration of Tropical Disease Screening in Reproductive Health Services at Amplas Community Health Center, North Sumatra

Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Tropical diseases remain important determinants of reproductive health in endemic regions; However, screening for these infections is rarely integrated into reproductive health services at the primary care level. This fragmentation contributes to low early detection and an increased risk of complications among women of reproductive age. This community service program aims to develop and implement an integrated model for tropical disease screening within reproductive health services at Puskesmas Amplas, Medan City. The program employed a pre–post intervention design involving women of reproductive age (15–49 years) selected through stratified random sampling. The intervention included clinical screening, health education, and the strengthening of referral and integrated recording systems. The results demonstrated a significant increase in early detection coverage and participants' knowledge, with a substantial proportion of respondents identified as having previously undetected risk factors for tropical diseases. Implementation of the integrated service model also enhanced the capacity of primary healthcare providers in delivering promotional and preventive services. These findings indicate that integrating tropical disease screening into reproductive health services is an effective and scalable approach to strengthening primary healthcare systems in endemic areas and improving community reproductive health outcomes.

Training and Mentoring for Strengthen Brand Identity for MSMEs/WUBs Koperasi Bunda Sejahtera

Suharyati ,, Kery Utami, Dea Delia Lestari — Sat, 24 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Strengthening brand identity is a key strategy to enhance SME competitiveness, particularly for New Entrepreneurs (WUB) at the early stages of business development. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of WUB members of the Bunda Sejahtera Cooperative, Depok, in creating innovative products, designing effective and informative labeling, and developing market-oriented packaging. The implementation method included interactive lectures, discussions, and hands-on practice in producing a “Café-style Herbal Drink” based on traditional herbs, complemented with modern label and packaging design training. Twenty participants joined the program, dominated by the culinary sector (50%), with capital under Rp 10 million (55%), monthly turnover below Rp 5 million (75%), and social media use limited mainly to WhatsApp (100%). Evaluation was conducted through validity and reliability tests of the questionnaire (SPSS 23) and frequency distribution analysis. All indicators were valid (r > 0.444; p < 0.05) and reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.709–0.797). The average understanding level reached 85%, categorized as “Highly Understand” for Brand Identity, Innovative Products, and Packaging (86%), and “Understand” for Labeling (80%). Practical implementation of innovative product creation reached 86%, surpassing the 65% target. The program resulted in improved knowledge, skills, product health quality, and potential income for partners. This initiative aligns with SDGs 1, 3, 8, 9, 12, and 17, and supports higher education KPI 5. The results show that training integrating theory and practice effectively enhances SME/WUB branding capacity sustainably.

Pap Smear Examination as a Strategy for Prevention and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer at the HKBP Jatisampurna Church, Bekasi

Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly in developing countries, largely due to late diagnosis and low participation in early screening programs. Limited knowledge and awareness regarding cervical cancer and Pap smear examinations contribute significantly to delayed detection. This community service activity aimed to increase the knowledge and awareness of the congregation of HKBP Jatisampurna Church, Bekasi, regarding the importance of early detection of cervical cancer through Pap smear examinations. The activity was conducted using interactive educational counseling followed by free Pap smear examination services. Educational sessions covered cervical cancer risk factors, prevention strategies, and the procedures and benefits of Pap smear screening. A total of 50 female congregation members participated in the activity and voluntarily underwent Pap smear examinations. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer and the importance of early detection through Pap smear screening. In addition, there was an increased willingness and participation of congregation members in undergoing Pap smear examinations, indicating positive behavioral changes toward preventive health practices. In conclusion, educational counseling combined with direct Pap smear services effectively increased awareness and participation in cervical cancer screening among the HKBP Jatisampurna Church congregation. This community service activity represents a strategic approach to cervical cancer prevention and early detection and highlights the importance of community-based interventions in promoting women’s reproductive health

Empowering Parent Communities through "Rumah Literasi Digital": Technology-Based Supervision Training and Learning Mentorship in High-Density Residential Areas

Mon, 02 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative study examines the effectiveness of a community-based digital literacy intervention—Rumah Literasi Digital (Digital Literacy House)—in empowering parents to supervise their children's digital learning in high-density residential neighborhoods. Through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 32 parents and 8 educators from four community learning centers (CLCs) in Jakarta over an eight-month period, we applied Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis to explore how technology-integrated training programs foster parental empowerment across three dimensions: resource empowerment, critical awareness, and relational empowerment. Findings demonstrate that structured digital parenting interventions significantly enhance parents' capacity to identify and access digital resources, develop critical consciousness about technology risks, and strengthen family communication about online activities. Thematic analysis revealed five overarching themes: (1) Knowledge Construction and Digital Competency Development, (2) Critical Consciousness Formation, (3) Relational Networks and Peer Support, (4) Family Communication Enhancement, and (5) Systemic Barriers and Implementation Challenges. The study contributes evidence-based insights into community-based approaches for addressing the digital divide in resource-constrained urban contexts and offers actionable recommendations for integrating digital parenting literacy into non-formal education frameworks in Indonesia.

Strengthening Media Literacy In Personal Data Protection And Understanding Online Loan Fraud Modes

Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The low level of media literacy among Indonesian communities, combined with the rapid growth of digital media use, has increased public vulnerability to various online risks, particularly illegal online lending practices, digital hoaxes, and personal data misuse. This program aims to analyze the effectiveness of the community outreach initiative “Smart Digital: Protect Your Personal Data and Understand Online Loan Scam Mechanisms” in enhancing public awareness and critical understanding of digital risks. The program was conducted in two sessions using interactive lectures, case-based discussions, simulation activities, and the introduction of the digital verification platform intelligent.digital, involving 56 participants from vulnerable community groups. The evaluation employed a pre-test and post-test design to measure changes in participants' cognitive and psychological aspects. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants' ability to distinguish between legal and illegal online lending services, identify digital hoaxes, and recognize the importance of personal data protection. In addition, participants demonstrated increased risk awareness and proactive behavior in verifying information before making digital decisions. These findings confirm that media literacy is not merely theoretical knowledge, but a fundamental competence required to strengthen public resilience in navigating an increasingly complex and manipulative digital information environment.

Digital Core Tax Literacy in Milkfish MSMEs

Made Dudy Satyawan, Aisyaturrahmi, Lintang Venusita — Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The implementation of Core Tax, which officially came into effect in Indonesia in January 2025, is part of the tax reform to create a modern, integrated, and digital-based tax administration system. However, the implementation of this system still faces various challenges, especially for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that have limited digital literacy and tax understanding. This community service activity aims to improve digital tax literacy and tax compliance of MSMEs in the milkfish processing industry center in Gresik Regency, with UD Multi Sarana Niaga (“Bandeng Mentari”) as a partner. The implementation method includes identifying partner needs, socializing the latest tax regulations, assisting in the use of the Core Tax application, and developing a practical guide module for managing Core Tax for MSMEs. The results of the activity indicate an increase in partner understanding of tax regulations, operational capabilities in using the Core Tax system, and the alignment between commercial and fiscal financial reporting. In addition, this activity raises awareness among MSMEs regarding the role of tax in national development and business sustainability. This program is also strengthened through international dissemination with Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep (Thailand) which is aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) point 9 on industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

Restrictions on the Right to Freedom of Expression in Public from the Perspective of Rule of Law

Edi Sofwan — Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Freedom of expression is a foundational human right and a core precondition for democratic governance, transparency, and public participation. Nevertheless, international and domestic legal orders consistently recognize that this right is not absolute and may be restricted under certain conditions. This article conducts a qualitative, normative–juridical analysis of restrictions on the exercise of freedom of expression in public, examined through the lens of the rule of law. Drawing on international human rights instruments, particularly Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and its “three-part test”, as well as constitutional and statutory norms in Indonesia, the article develops a set of rule-of-law-based criteria for assessing the legitimacy of restrictions. Qualitative doctrinal analysis is combined with thematic examination of case law, statutory frameworks, and critical commentary. The findings show a persistent tension between justified, narrowly tailored limitations and broader, vague or disproportionate restrictions that risk converting the rule of law into “rule by law”. The article concludes by proposing normative benchmarks and practical safeguards to ensure that any limitations on public expression remain compatible with democratic constitutionalism and the rule of law..

Integrating Machine Learning into Portfolio Optimization: A Hybrid ARIMA–GARCH Predictive Model with Genetic Algorithm

Andreas P Peranginangin — Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article proposes a hybrid quantitative framework that integrates statistical time‑series modeling and evolutionary machine learning for portfolio optimization. The approach combines an ARIMA–GARCH model to jointly estimate conditional mean and volatility of asset returns with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) that searches for optimal portfolio weights on the basis of model‑implied return–risk profiles. The study adopts a secondary‑data quantitative design, synthesising evidence from prior empirical applications of ARIMA–GARCH forecasting and GA‑based portfolio optimization in equity markets, including the S&P500 index and Indonesian LQ45 constituents. Descriptive analysis confirms strong volatility clustering and leptokurtosis in daily stock index returns, justifying the use of GARCH‑type volatility models. Empirical results from the literature show that hybrid ARIMA–GARCH models significantly outperform standalone ARIMA and buy‑and‑hold strategies in terms of forecasting error and risk‑adjusted performance, while GA‑optimized portfolios achieve superior risk–return trade‑offs compared with traditional mean–variance optimization. These findings support the conceptual integration of ARIMA–GARCH forecasts and GA‑based allocation as a promising direction for portfolio construction, particularly in emerging markets such as Indonesia. The article concludes with implications for portfolio managers, regulators, and higher‑education curricula in quantitative finance and data‑driven investment.

Empowering Adolescent Health Cadres through Peer Counselor Training to Prevent Early Marriage in Village X

Fatimah Fatimah, Rahma Juliani Siregar, Maryam Latifah Harahap — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Early marriage remains a critical public health and social problem in many Indonesian rural areas and is closely related to low reproductive health literacy, gender norms, and limited access to youth‑friendly information and services. Peer‑based approaches are increasingly recognized as effective in changing adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes regarding early marriage and reproductive health. This quantitative study aimed to analyze the effect of peer counselor training on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent health cadres toward early marriage prevention in Village X. A quasi‑experimental one‑group pretest–posttest design was applied to 30 adolescent health cadres selected through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of a structured peer counselor training program on reproductive health, risks of early marriage, communication skills, and basic counseling techniques. Knowledge and attitudes were measured using validated questionnaires before and four weeks after the training. Data were analyzed using paired t‑test or Wilcoxon test according to distribution assumptions. The results showed a statistically significant increase in mean knowledge and attitude scores after training, indicating improved cognitive and affective readiness of adolescent cadres to act as peer counselors. These findings support strengthening community‑based adolescent health promotion through systematic empowerment of peer counselors to prevent early marriage in rural settings.

Literacy in Digital Reproductive Health: Analysis of Sexual Violence Prevention Among Adolescents in Padangsidempuan City, Indonesia

Elvi Suryani — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Adolescents in Indonesia increasingly navigate a digitized environment where online and offline risks to sexual and reproductive health intersect. Padangsidimpuan City in North Sumatra has a predominantly young population, yet little evidence exists on how digital reproductive health literacy can be leveraged to prevent sexual violence. This qualitative study adopts a narrative review and document-based content analysis to synthesize empirical and conceptual literature on digital health literacy, adolescent reproductive health education, and sexual and technology-facilitated gender-based violence in Indonesia, with a specific focus on implications for Padangsidimpuan. Data sources include peer‑reviewed journals, government statistics, and policy and NGO reports. The analysis identifies four major themes: (1) rapid digitalization and youth demographics as a double-edged sword, (2) persistent gaps in reproductive health literacy and taboo-laden communication, (3) the high and evolving burden of sexual and online gender-based violence among adolescents, and (4) digital reproductive health literacy as a promising but underutilized strategy for primary prevention. A multi-level framework is proposed, emphasizing the roles of schools, families, health services—especially midwives—and local government in strengthening adolescents’ critical, safe, and rights-based engagement with digital reproductive health information. The findings inform context-sensitive strategies for Padangsidimpuan and highlight priorities for future local qualitative research

The Implementation of Financial Management and Digital Marketing for Urban Village MSMEs in Enhancing Business Competitiveness

Dede Dahlan, Wahyu Anugrah Manippi, Iwan Subandi, Andi Andi, Rahmat Jaya — Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

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A Development Model Of Promotional Strategy, Brand Equity, And Product Innovation Influencing Purchase Intention: A Case Study Of Nata De Coco MSMEs In North Minahasa Regency, Indonesia

Silvya Lefina Mandey, Victor Paskah Kalawat Lengkong, Jenny Emma Agustin Kandou — Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Research on promotional strategies, brand equity, product innovation, and purchase intention in marketing is a crucial area of study. This research aims to enhance marketing strategies, particularly for MSMEs producing nata de coco in North Minahasa Regency, in supporting and improving their business processes. The study utilizes a sample drawn from the population. Given the large size of the population and the impracticality of studying the entire group, a sample size of 100 respondents was selected, meeting the minimum requirements for sampling. This research employs a causal associative approach to analyze the relationships among variables, both simultaneously and partially. The variables examined in this study include: promotional strategy (X1), measured through indicators such as promotional messages, promotional media, and timing (Kotler & Keller, 2016); brand equity (X2), measured by brand awareness, perceived quality, brand association, and brand loyalty; and product innovation (X3), with indicators including transactional interest, referential interest, preferential interest, and exploratory interest. The results of the study indicate that promotional strategies, brand equity, and product innovation have both partial and simultaneous (combined) effects on the purchase intention of nata de coco MSME products in North Minahasa Regency.

Strengthening Elementary School Teachers’ Digital Competence through AI-Based Instructional Design Training in Indonesia’s 3T Regions

Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative study investigates the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based instructional design training program in strengthening the digital competence of elementary school teachers in Indonesia’s frontier, outermost, and underdeveloped (3T) regions. Education quality and access in 3T regions remain constrained by geographical isolation, limited infrastructure, and uneven professional development opportunities for teachers. Building on the European Digital Competence Framework for Educators (DigCompEdu) and its six areas of educator digital competence, the study designed a structured training program that introduced teachers to generative AI tools for lesson planning, resource development, and assessment. A one-group pretest–posttest design was implemented with 120 elementary school teachers from several 3T districts. Data were collected using a Likert-scale digital competence questionnaire adapted from DigCompEdu and analyzed with descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests. Findings show statistically significant improvements in teachers’ overall digital competence scores across all six DigCompEdu areas, with the largest gains in “Teaching and learning” and “Facilitating learners’ digital competence.” The results indicate that contextually grounded AI-based instructional design training can be an effective strategy to narrow digital competence gaps between teachers in peripheral and non-peripheral regions. Implications for policy, teacher professional development, and further research on AI-supported pedagogy in disadvantaged contexts are discussed.

Improving Corn Processing Skills For Women Corn Farmers In Warbo Village, Arso 7 District, West Arso, Keerom Regency, Papua

Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Corn is an important commodity in Keerom Regency, especially in Arso District, which is one of Indonesia's corn production centers. Several corn production centers in Indonesia include Jayapura Regency (Nimbokrang), Keerom-Arso Regency, and Jayapura City (West Koya). The problems are 1) corn utilization is limited to consumption or sale in the market to supplement family income; 2) lack of information about corn-based product diversification in Warbo-Arso 7 Village, West Arso District, Keerom Regency due to a lack of technological information and limited community knowledge and skills regarding corn product diversification Based on the above issues, the specific objectives of this community service activity are: 1) to introduce high-value corn-based food products to the people of Kampung Warbo and 2) to train corn-farming mothers and young women to process various types of corn-based food products. The community service method that will be used in this training consists of five stages, namely 1) Preparation; 2) Counseling; 3) Brief practice; 4) Assistance; and 5) Evaluation. The evaluation of activities was conducted before and after implementation, namely through interviews and questionnaires filled out by participants. Based on the results of the post-test on corn processing, 85% of participants were able to understand and absorb the material on corn processing. After the training, 90% of participants were skilled in processing corn flour, corn milk, and corn-based noodles. Then, participants can understand and practice creative and innovative ways of packaging corn products.

Keywords: Corn, milk, noodles, skills, flour

Implementation of Peer Group Support to Improve Mental Health and Resilience in Adolescents Post-Online Learning in Public High Schools

Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The transition from emergency remote learning to in-person schooling following the COVID-19 pandemic has left Indonesian high school students confronting substantial mental health vulnerabilities, including elevated stress, anxiety, and diminished resilience. This study investigated the effectiveness of a structured peer group support intervention in improving mental health outcomes and resilience among adolescents in a public senior high school (SMA Negeri) context. Employing a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design, the research involved 218 students (110 in the intervention group, 108 in the control group) from a state high school in East Java, Indonesia. The intervention group participated in an eight-week peer support program comprising weekly group sessions, psychoeducation modules, and guided peer interactions, while the control group received standard school guidance services. Mental health was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and resilience was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data were collected at pre-test, post-test, and an eight-week follow-up, and analyzed using independent and paired sample t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Results indicated that the intervention group exhibited statistically significant improvements in mental health (reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress) and resilience scores compared to the control group, with medium to large effect sizes (ηp² ranging from .09 to .24). The findings demonstrate that peer group support represents a culturally congruent, scalable, and cost-effective strategy for addressing post-pandemic mental health challenges in Indonesian secondary education settings. The study underscores the critical role of peer relationships in adolescent psychological well-being and provides an evidence-based framework for integrating peer support programs into national school health initiatives.

Implementation of a Profit Website and Introduction of IoT Technology to Support Business Decision-Making for MSMEs in Plaosan Village

Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Digital transformation in the agricultural Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector is crucial for enhancing the economic competitiveness of rural communities. Plaosan Village in Malang Regency, a producer of Mount Kawi coffee, faces challenges in financial management and agronomic efficiency. This community service program aims to: (1) implement the “Hitung Profit Kopi” web application (https://indowhiz.com/kopikawi) as a Decision Support System (DSS) for calculating farming profitability; and (2) introduce Internet of Things (IoT) concepts for post-harvest quality control. The program consisted of needs assessment, website design and testing, hands-on training on website use, and lectures plus demonstrations of an IoT prototype. Evaluation used short pre- and post-tests, satisfaction questionnaires, and observation of participants’ engagement during practice sessions. The results show that participants were able to operate the profit website, input their own business data, and interpret the calculated outputs. Furthermore, participants’ understanding of IoT and its potential applications increased, as indicated by improved post-test scores and feedback. This program represents an initial step towards the digital transformation of MSMEs in Plaosan Village through data-driven business management.

Legal Assitance and Legal Literacy Enhancement for Victims of Termination of Employment in Efforts to Expand Access to Justice

Sun, 26 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Termination of Employment (PHK) in Indonesia has escalated significantly, with over 88,519 cases recorded in 2025 alone, yet many victims remain unaware of their legal rights and are unable to navigate complex dispute resolution mechanisms. This study examines the role of legal assistance programs and legal literacy enhancement initiatives in expanding access to justice for PHK victims within a specific Indonesian district. Employing a qualitative socio-legal research methodology, this study conducted in-depth interviews with twenty-five (25) PHK victims, ten (10) legal aid providers, five (5) government officials from the local Manpower Office, and three (3) trade union representatives, complemented by document analysis and observation of mediation proceedings. The findings reveal that a significant majority of PHK victims (84%) possessed low to moderate levels of legal literacy regarding their statutory entitlements, including severance pay (pesangon), long-service awards (UPMK), and compensation for rights (UPH). Furthermore, 92% of respondents encountered substantial barriers to accessing justice, including prohibitive legal costs, procedural complexity, and geographic isolation from Industrial Relations Courts. Legal assistance provided by Legal Aid Institutions (LBH) and university legal clinics demonstrably improved the likelihood of PHK victims securing their rights, with assisted victims being 3.2 times more likely to obtain a favorable settlement or court ruling. However, the study also identifies critical challenges, including the limited capacity of legal aid organizations and persistent issues of weak law enforcement against recalcitrant employers. The research concludes that a synergistic approach, combining the provision of pro bono legal assistance with targeted community-based legal literacy programs, is essential for addressing the justice gap experienced by PHK victims. The study recommends the formal establishment of a District-Level Legal Aid Task Force for Employment Disputes and the integration of labor rights education into local community development programs.

Fintech Optimization and Digital Financial Literacy in UMKM Empowerment: A Community Service Study for Financial Inclusion in the Society 5.0 Era.

Sun, 26 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) play a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy, contributing 61.9% to GDP and 97% to national employment. However, their digital transformation is hindered by low fintech adoption and limited digital financial literacy. This study evaluates a community service program aimed at enhancing fintech utilization and digital financial literacy among UMKM in five regencies of East Java. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design, 240 participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data were collected through validated questionnaires measuring fintech adoption index (FAI), digital financial literacy index (DFLI), and business performance. The results show significant improvements in fintech adoption (21.4%, p < 0.001), digital financial literacy (18.7%, p < 0.001), and monthly revenue (17.3%, p < 0.01). These findings indicate that structured training integrating fintech and digital literacy effectively supports UMKM digital transformation and advances financial inclusion in the Society 5.0 era.