Optical Cable Backbone Network Design in West Kalimantan Province Using OTN DWDM Technology

In designing the backbone network for the province of West Kalimantan using Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Optical Transport Network (OTN) devices which cover 14 districts and cities consisting of 30 segments, of which 30 segments consist of 14 DWDM OTN sites and 8 Optical Land Amplifier sites ( OLA). From the results of the design and simulation of the backbone network, it was found that the value of the Optical Link Power Budget (OLPB) < 50 dBm where this value is the ideal value in deploying a DWDM OTN backbone network, and the range of the Optical Signal Noise Ratio (OSNR) is between 20 dBm < OSNR < 40 dBm, which is the ideal value for OSNR, and has an Optical Rise Time Budget (ORTB) < 60 ps, and also has a segment margin system of > 7 dB.


INTRODUCTION
The Palapa Ring itself is one of the government's main priority programs to build an optical cable backbone network system that has large capacity and high speed by integrating the existing network with the network to be created. The Palapa Ring itself is divided into 3 main segments, namely, West Palapa Ring (PRB), Middle Palapa Ring (PRT), and East Palapa Ring (PTT). The Palapa Ring project has started to be implemented with the aim of connecting the islands in Indonesia, both by land and sea routes.
The Palapa Ring project has already built several large rings in Indonesia, but the 11 rings connecting Sulawesi and NTT are still unfinished. Related to this problem, the optical backbone network from Makassar -Maumere as part of the 11 The ring section is designed using Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) device technology. [1]. The development of the optical cable backbone network is also planned in several areas such as the design of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) 4G backbone network in the Sleman district in the province of Yogyakarta [2]. In addition, the design of the backbone network for the North Sumatra region itself is also being planned [3].
In writing this scientific journal, the selected area is the province of West Kalimantan, where the province of West Kalimantan in the future will be projected to experience rapid progress and development. So to be able to anticipate this, it is necessary to immediately create and deploy a backbone network of land optical cables and marine optical cables that can connect all districts and cities in the province of Kalimantan. West with a total of 12 Regency Cities and 2 Madya Cities. Figure 1 below shows the Palapa Ring project. In general, the marine optical cable communication system consists of two main parts, namely the land part ( Dry Part ) and the sea part ( Wet Part ). On the land side ( Dry Part ) consists of the main Site Shelter which functions as a place for the establishment of terminal equipment that connects the Site Shelters (stations) between regencies and cities located in the island provinces. While the marine section ( Wet Part ) consists of marine optical cables along with supporting elements which include Optical Repeater (RPT), Cable Jointing (CJ) devices, and Cable Branching Units (BU) which function to connect stations (shelters) between island.
Overall   Figure 2 above, it can be seen that the first part includes the Ocean Ground Bed (OGB) where the function of the OGB is a device located outside the shelter that serves to provide a connection from the PFE towards sea level which is normally located near the Cable Landing Station ( Landing Point ), so that it gets a very light and small grounding against the earth's surface. OGB itself functions as a grounding device

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Page 62 that connects PFE devices with marine optical cables and can be planted on the seashore or near the shelter so that it has a safe position. Figure 3 below shows the OGB The second part is the Beach Manhole ( BMH) where BMH is a supporting installation of a marine optical cable network installed below ground level which aims to control connections between marine optical cables and between marine optical cables and land optical cables, to then be connected to existing devices . in shelters. OGB and BMH are two types of equipment and items located outside the shelter. The following will discuss the devices contained in the shelter .  The third part is the Cable Terminal Box (CTB) where the function of the CTB is to separate the optical cable and the power source ( Power Supply ) into two parts. When the marine optical cable reaches the terminal box at the landing station, it is divided into two parts, namely the optical cable itself and the power supply cable . Inside the CTB the power supply cable will be connected to the cable high voltage output through the PFE device in the shelter , while the optical cable will be connected to the optical cable terminal device in the shelter . The CTB itself consists of a marine optical cable terminal unit, a special lighting processing unit, Mic roswitches , Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and Resistors.
The fourth part is the Power Feeding Equipment (PFE) where the function of the PFE is to provide a power source to the components in the shelter and also to the repeater devices in the cable path between shelters . In addition, PFE also performs the function of repeater power and converts electric current from AC to DC and vice versa. PFE can also function when there is a disturbance in the submarine cable by switching the high voltage polarity according to need and can also s e n d i n g low-frequency electrical signals to submarine cables to make it easier to determine the location of damaged cables when repairing marine optical  The last part of the SLTE device is the Dispersion Compensation Module (DCM) which functions to affect the system bandwidth , transmission segment length and other characteristics of the transmission signal. To achieve the best performance of optical transmission, DCM is used as a tool to compensate for the increased dispersion of the optical transmission system. Where DCM mainly uses dispersion compensation from cable technology to replace the dispersion of each signal channel in the marine optical cable system and the value of the chromatic dispersion is negative. Figure 8 below shows high school

RESEARCH METHOD
Research methodology used in writing this journal is to collect initial data on the geographical map of West Kalimantan Province. This is important in determining the next stage. To collect geographic information data and the characteristics of the province of West Kalimantan , especially the number of cities and districts in the province, the author uses Google Map Software and data assistance from Google Wikipedia .
After the initial data collection stage related to the province of West Kalimantan, the next stage is to divide the segment between districts and cities in the province of West Kalimantan to find out whether the district or city is included in the land optical cable segment or marine optical cable segment. This can also be obtained with the help of software Google Map and Google Earth . After the segment identification stage is carried out, the next step is to divide all district cities in the province of West Kalimantan into two segments, namely the land segment ( Inland ) and the marine segment ( Submarine ).
If the stage of identification and The division of segments in all districts and cities in West Kalimantan province has been completed, then the next step is to measure the distance between cities and districts as a basis in determining the value of the optical cable length that will be held in all urban districts in West Kalimantan province. For measuring districts and cities that are included in the land segment ( Inland ) Google Map Software is used , while to take measurements of district cities that are included in the submarine cable segment ( Submarine ) , the Google Earth Pro software is used .
For the next stage, after getting the data from the measurement of the length of the cable that passes through all districts and municipalities in West Kalimantan province using Google Map and Google Earth software , a design drawing of the backbone topology network in each province is made using map the province to make it easier to make drawing designs while at the same time identifying and ensuring that each district and city in the topological drawing can be connected to each other. To design this backbone network topology image, you can use Microsoft Word software .
After the stage of making the topology design drawing of the backbone network in the province of West Kalimantan has been completed, the next step is to make tabulations of technical data from all segments of city districts, both those that are passed by land optical cable lines and marine optical cable lines in the form of an Excel Spreadsheet table . This needs to be done in order to facilitate the transfer of data from Microsoft Excel to Microsoft Word . In addition, the purpose of tabulating data in the form of an Excel Spreadsheet is to make it easier to calculate the value of Optical Link Power Budget (OSNR), Optical Signal Noise Ratio (OSNR) and Optical Rise Time Budget . (ORTB).
After the tabulation stage data in the form of Microsoft Excel is complete . So the next step is to design the backbone infrastructure of the province of West Kalimantan into the OTN Planner Software . OTN Planner itself is software issued by the Fiberhome optical cable device vendor company . Where this software is specifically designed to design infrastructure projects for optical cable backbone network devices using DWDM and DWDM devices as a basis OTN. Optical backbone network infrastructure for the province of West Kalimantan has been completed using the OTN Planner Software , the next step is to calculate the value of the Optical Link Power Budget (OLPB), Optical Signal Noise Ratio (OSNR) and Optical Rise Time Budget (ORTB). The calculation of OLPB and ORTB itself can be done manually using Microsoft Excel , while the calculation of OSNR must be done using the OTN Planner software because the OSNR calculation method is quite complicated and can only be generated. With a simulation of the backbone network topology that has been designed in the OTN Planner Software.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In the province of West Kalimantan, the most dominant segment is the land optical cable segment through which all regency and municipal cities in the province of West Kalimantan are traversed by land optical cables, while in the province of West Kalimantan do not use marine optical cables. Figure 9 below shows the backbone network topology of the province of West Kalimantan. What's interesting about the topology of the West Kalimantan backbone network is that the number of OLA sites is 8 less than the number of DWDM OTN sites which are only 14 sites. This is because the expanse of territory and the distance between districts and cities in the province of West Kalimantan are not too far apart so it does not require more OLA sites compared to other provinces on the island of Kalimantan itself. The number of OLA sites in the West Kalimantan backbone network itself is 8 OLA sites, fewer than the 14 OTN DWDM sites.
OLA site on the West Kalimantan backbone network is located in a sub-district that is interconnected and borders the district through which the cable segment passes. For the Sambas -Putussibau

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Page 66 segment, it consists of 7 OTN DWDM sites, namely the site (Sambas Bengka yang -Ngabang -Sanggau-Sekadau -Sintang -Putussibau) and 1 OLA site, namely the Nanga Tepuai site. For OA modules and PA modules installed in this segment, there are 28 modules installed on the Tx and Rx sides, where there are 12 OA modules and 16 PA modules. For the province of West Kalimantan, it can be seen below the value of the OLPB itself still included in the ideal category < 50 dBm this occurs due to the additional OLA site in the Singkawang -Ngabang segment, Kubu Raya -Sanggau segment, Kubu Raya -Sukdana segment, Sukadana -Nanga Pinoh segment, and the Sintang -Putussibau segment which serves to share the load link power from the segment into the OLA where the function of the OLA is only a DWDM device without OTN which functions as a traffic drop, in other words the function of OLA is as a site amplifier that functions to amplify the signal from the reduced Tx segment for As for the ORTB value itself West Kalimantan province is at the ideal value where the ORTB value range itself is in the range of 52 ps, which is still below < 60 ps. This is ideal because DWDM OTN devices that have an ORTB value of < 60 ps have a very good operational response time and are able to generate optical transmission signals very quickly so that the process of sending traffic bandwidth from Tx to Rx can take place in a short time.

CONCLUSION
From the results of the DWDM OTN optical cable backbone infrastructure network design in West Kalimantan province, conclusions and suggestions can be drawn as follows installing amplifier modules (OA and PA) in series ( Cascade ) because it will make the OSNR value on the Receiver side lower , which means the quality of the signal sent from the Transmitter Tx side to the receiver side. Receiver Rx side is reduced. Instead, it is recommended to place 1 OA module on the Transmitter Tx side and 1 PA module on the Receiver Rx side with compensation for adding the value of Gain and Output Power from the amplifier module. 4. On the site segment that have Optical cable length is quite far > 157 Km, it is better to add an Optical Land Amplifier (OLA) site between these segments so that the value of the OLPB remains < 50 dBm. 5. In the design of the DWDM OTN network topology in the province of Central Kalimantan, the author deliberately designed the network conditions in ideal conditions, but in its implementation the opposite could happen where the attenuation measurement results show a fairly high increase in loss , but this can be anticipated by adding a margin loss Becomes 7 dB for segment land and dB for the sea segment to anticipate this. In the process of designing and making the DWDM OTN infrastructure design, it is better when installing the OA and PA modules when simulating the value of of Gain and Output Power always greater than the attenuation loss and cable distance. This is very necessary in order to get a good Margin System . 6. From the results of the simulation and analysis as well as the calculation of the OLPB and OSNR values, it shows that the DWDM OTN infrastructure development project is province