Analysis of The Legal Status of Gig Workers in Indonesia’s Digital Platforms: The Urgency of Sufficient Work Regulations as Social Protection

Christopher Panal Lumban Gaol — 2026-02-01

The rapid expansion of Indonesia's digital economy has created approximately 41.6 million gig workers, yet their legal status remains undefined within the existing labor law framework. This study employs quantitative and normative legal analysis to examine the legal status of gig workers operating through digital platforms (Gojek, Grab, and other service applications) and evaluate the adequacy of current Indonesian labor regulations in providing social protection. Through analysis of statutory instruments including Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation (Omnibus Law), alongside empirical data on worker demographics, income distribution, and social security participation rates, this research demonstrates that gig workers meet substantive criteria of employment yet remain classified as independent contractors. The study reveals that 7.61 percent of informal workers maintain social security coverage, with participation rates as low as 1.6 percent among gig workers specifically. Quantitative analysis of 130 gig workers across three provinces demonstrates income volatility (average monthly earnings: IDR 3.0-3.98 million), excessive working hours (30-40 hours weekly, with 20 percent exceeding 40 hours), and negligible social safety net access (49.23 percent lack health insurance). The research concludes that the Sufficient of Work doctrine, grounded in ILO conventions and the principle of decent work, provides a superior analytical framework for protecting digital platform workers. The study recommends legislative reform incorporating hybrid employment categories, mandatory social protection coverage regardless of classification, and algorithmic transparency mechanisms as essential safeguards for worker dignity and economic security in Indonesia's evolving labor market

Regulating Coastal Setbacks Through Spatial Planning Law Enforcement

I Gede Andi Iswarayana — 2026-02-05

This study examines the enforcement of spatial planning law in regulating coastal setback utilization in Nusa Penida, Klungkung Regency, Bali, where rapid tourism development has intensified pressure on protected coastal zones. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of legal enforcement mechanisms in controlling coastal setbacks and to identify institutional and regulatory factors that hinder compliance. An empirical legal research design is adopted, integrating statutory, conceptual, and sociological approaches. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with local government officials and relevant stakeholders, while secondary data were obtained from legislation, regional spatial planning documents, and official records. Qualitative analysis was conducted by relating normative spatial planning provisions to observed enforcement practices in the study area. The findings indicate that coastal setback regulation has not been effectively implemented, largely due to the absence of detailed spatial planning instruments, limited supervisory capacity, and reliance on administrative discretion rather than clear technical standards. These conditions weaken legal certainty and constrain the consistent application of zoning rules and sanctions. The study concludes that the formulation of detailed spatial plans and the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms are critical to improving coastal setback governance and supporting sustainable coastal management in island tourism regions.

Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH)

Analysis of The Legal Status of Gig Workers in Indonesia’s Digital Platforms: The Urgency of Sufficient Work Regulations as Social Protection

Regulating Coastal Setbacks Through Spatial Planning Law Enforcement