Differences in Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Waist-to-Hip Ratio in Overweight Adolescents in Denpasar
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Overweight has become a serious public health issue, as proven by the increasing morbidity and mortality rates in this population. Therefore, physical exercise interventions such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are needed as training programs that can improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and reduce cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in the effects of HIIT and MICT on CRF and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). This study used the randomized control group pretest-posttest design research method. The research sample included of 20 adolescents divided into two groups. Group 1 received the HIIT intervention, and Group 2 received the MICT intervention. CRF was assessed using the 20-meter shuttle run test (20m-SRT) also WHR. The mean test on CRF show that in group 1 (p<0.05) and group 2 (p<0.05) there are significant differences pre and post-test training. The Mann-Whitney U-test results show significant difference (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the WHR mean test results show that in group 1 (p<0.05) and group 2 (p<0.05) also has significant differences pre and post-test training. The Independent sample t-test results show no significant difference (p>0.05). This study concluded that HIIT is more effective than MICT in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Thus, HIIT is as effective as MICT in reducing the waist-to-hip ratio of overweight adolescents.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
A. A. Wenni, H. Nasruddin, L. T. Limoa, A. Makmun, and H. Hasan, “Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dan Sedentary Lifestyle Dengan Status Gizi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter Angkatan 2017 FK UMI,” Fakumi Medical Journal, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 444–451, 2023.
D. Thivel, A. Tremblay, P. M. Genin, S. Panahi, D. Rivière, and M. Duclos, “Physical Activity, Inactivity, and Sedentary Behaviors: Definitions and Implications in Occupational Health,” Oct. 05, 2018, Frontiers Media S.A. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00288.
E. C. Chin et al., “Low-Frequency HIIT Improves Body Composition And Aerobic Capacity In Overweight Men,” Med Sci Sports Exerc, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 56–66, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002097.
R. Guthold, G. A. Stevens, L. M. Riley, and F. C. Bull, “Global Trends In Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adolescents: a Pooled Analysis Of 298 Population-Based Surveys With 1·6 Million Participants,” Lancet Child Adolesc Health, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 23–35, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2.
Riskesdas, Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2018.
S. U. Amrynia and G. N. Prameswari, “Hubungan Pola Makan, Sedentary Lifestyle, dan Durasi Tidur dengan Kejadian Gizi Lebih Pada Remaja (Studi Kasus di SMA Negeri 1 Demak),” Indonesian Journal of Public Health and Nutrition, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 112–121, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.15294/ijphn.v2i1.52044.
N. K. Wiardani and A. A. N. Kusumajaya, “Perilaku Makan, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Penggunaan Internet Pada Remaja Sekolah Yang Mengalami Obesitas Di Provinsi Bali,” GIZI INDONESIA, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 207–220, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.36457/gizindo.v46i2.794.
M. J. Joyner and P. B. Dominelli, “Central cardiovascular system limits to aerobic capacity,” Exp Physiol, vol. 106, no. 12, pp. 2299–2303, 2021, doi: 10.1113/EP088187.
M. D’Alleva et al., “Effects of combined training or moderate intensity continuous training during a 3-week multidisciplinary body weight reduction program on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and substrate oxidation rate in adolescents with obesity,” Sci Rep, vol. 13, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44953-3.
Z. Guo, M. Li, J. Cai, W. Gong, Y. Liu, and Z. Liu, “Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Fat Loss and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Young and Middle-Aged a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 20, no. 6, 2023, doi: 10.3390/ijerph20064741.
B. J. Ryan et al., “Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 105, no. 8, pp. E2941–E2959, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa345.
R. Martin-Smith, A. Cox, D. S. Buchan, J. S. Baker, F. Grace, and N. Sculthorpe, “High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) In Healthy, Overweight And Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Controlled Studies,” Apr. 02, 2020, MDPI. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082955.
E. K. Andrie et al., “Psychosocial Factors And Obesity In Adolescence: a Case-Control Study,” Children, vol. 8, no. 4, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.3390/children8040308.
W. Wijianto, P. Candriasih, Sukmawati, Nurarifah, and F. Hafid, “Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Prilaku Risiko Obesitas Terhadap Kejadian Obesitas Remaja Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19,” Svasta Harena: Jurnal Ilmiah Gizi, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 26–33, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.33860/shjig.v4i1.1759.
R. O. Banjarnahor, F. F. Banurea, J. O. Panjaitan, R. S. P. Pasaribu, and I. Hafni, “Faktor-Faktor Risiko Penyebab Kelebihan Berat Badan dan Obesitas Pada Anak dan Remaja: Studi Literatur,” Tropical Public Health Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 35–45, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.32734/trophico.v2i1.8657.
S. A. Prince et al., “The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Apr. 01, 2024, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01986-y.
L. Zhao et al., “Effects of Exercise Combined with Diet Intervention on Body Composition and Serum Biochemical Markers in Adolescents with Obesity: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” Nov. 01, 2022, De Gruyter Open Ltd. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0193.
A. Fatikhawati, K. Prahasanti, and C. Efendi, “Perbandingan Pengaruh Latihan Fisik Interval Tinggi Dengan Kontinu Terhadap Heart Rate Istirahat, VO2Max Dan Heart Rate Recovery Pada Atlet Renang Pria POR SURYANAGA Surabaya,” JOSSAE : Journal of Sport Science and Education, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 35, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.26740/jossae.v6n1.p35-45.
J. Sadeghi, A. Monazzami, and A. Taheri Kalani, “Effects of Eight-Week High-Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic Performance, Lipid Profile, and Hematological Indices in Overweight Adolescents,” Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.5812/jjhs.110645.
B. Hernawan and R. A. A. A. Putra, “Pengaruh High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Terhadap Nilai VO2 Maks pada Orang Dewasa Muda: Literature Review,” Jendela Olahraga, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 43–52, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.26877/jo.v8i2.14015.
M. Cao, Y. Tang, and Y. Zou, “Integrating High-Intensity Interval Training into a School Setting Improve Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity in Children with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” J Clin Med, vol. 11, no. 18, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3390/jcm11185436.
F. Sun, C. A. Williams, Q. Sun, F. Hu, and T. Zhang, “Effect Of Eight-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Programme On Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors In Sedentary Adolescents’,” Front Physiol, vol. 15, 2024, doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1450341.
Y. Wang et al., “Combined High-Intensity Interval and Resistance Training Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness More Than High-Intensity Interval Training In Young Women With Overweight/Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial’,” Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), vol. 15, 2024, doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1450944.
S. Mohammadi, A. Monazzami, and S. alavimilani, “Effects Of Eight-Week High-Intensity Interval Training On Some Metabolic, Hormonal And Cardiovascular Indices In Women With PCOS: A Randomized Controlled Trail’,” BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, vol. 15, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00653-z.
Z. Su et al., “Comparison Of High-Intensity Interval Training And Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training On Cardiopulmonary Function, Cardiac Autonomic Function And Vascular Function In Adolescent Boys With Obesity: a Randomized Controlled Trial,” Eur J Sport Sci, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12207.
K. Pinckard, K. K. Baskin, and K. I. Stanford, “Effects of Exercise to Improve Cardiovascular Health,” Jun. 04, 2019, Frontiers Media S.A. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00069.
A. K. Gejl, A. Bugge, M. T. Ernst, E. L. Mortensen, K. D. Gejl, and L. B. Andersen, “Effects of 9 Weeks of High- or Moderate-Intensity Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Inhibitory Control, and Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Danish Adolescents—A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Scand J Med Sci Sports, vol. 34, no. 8, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.1111/sms.14703.
C. L. Davis et al., “Exercise Effects on Arterial Stiffness and Heart Health in Children with Excess Weight: The SMART RCT,” Int J Obes, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 1152–1163, May 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0482-1.
X. Song et al., “Comparative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Weight and Metabolic Health in College Students with Obesity,” Sci Rep, vol. 14, no. 1, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67331-z.
S. M. Honkala et al., “Exercise Training Improves Adipose Tissue Metabolism And Vasculature Regardless Of Baseline Glucose Tolerance And Sex,” BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, vol. 8, no. 1, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000830.
C. Martins et al., “High-Intensity Interval Training and Isocaloric Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Result in Similar Improvements in Body Composition and Fitness in Obese Individuals,” Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 197–204, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0078.
C. Wang, Z. Tian, Y. Hu, and Q. Luo, “Physical Activity Interventions For Cardiopulmonary Fitness In Obese Children And Adolescents: a Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis,” BMC Pediatr, vol. 23, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-04381-8.
I. Tabata, “Tabata Training: One of The Most Energetically Effective High-Intensity Intermittent Training methods,” Jul. 01, 2019, Springer Tokyo. doi: 10.1007/s12576-019-00676-7.
M. Cao, M. Quan, and J. Zhuang, “Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 16, no. 9, p. 1533, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.3390/ijerph16091533.
N. Cvetković, E. Stojanović, N. Stojiljković, D. Nikolić, A. T. Scanlan, and Z. Milanović, “Exercise Training In Overweight And Obese Children: Recreational Football And High-Intensity Interval Training Provide Similar Benefits To Physical Fitness,” Scand J Med Sci Sports, vol. 28, pp. 18–32, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1111/sms.13241.
K. A. Dias et al., “Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Fitness, Fat Mass and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Children with Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial,” Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 733–746, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0777-0.
M. Cao, Y. Tang, S. Li, and Y. Zou, “Effects Of High-Intensity Interval Training And Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training On Cardiometabolic Risk Factors In Overweight And Obesity Children And Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials,” Nov. 01, 2021, MDPI. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182211905.
F. Li et al., “High-Intensity Interval Training Elicits More Enjoyment and Positive Affective Valence Than Moderate-Intensity Training Over a 12-Week Intervention in Overweight Young Women,” J Exerc Sci Fit, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 249–255, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.05.001.
J. Liu, L. Zhu, and Y. Su, “Comparative Effectiveness Of High-Intensity Interval Training And Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training For Cardiometabolic Risk Factors And Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Childhood Obesity: a Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials,” Front Physiol, vol. 11, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00214.
D. McCarthy and A. Berg, “Weight Loss Strategies and the Risk of Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss,” Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 7, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3390/nu13072473.
D. Ndahimana and E.-K. Kim, “Measurement Methods for Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure: a Review,” Clin Nutr Res, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 68, 2017, doi: 10.7762/cnr.2017.6.2.68.
L. Jiang, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, and Y. Wang, “Acute Interval Running Induces Greater Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption and Lipid Oxidation Than Isocaloric Continuous Running in Men with Obesity,” Sci Rep, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 9178, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59893-9.
K. J. Kolnes, M. H. Petersen, T. Lien-Iversen, K. Højlund, and J. Jensen, “Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution,” Sep. 24, 2021, Frontiers Media S.A. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.737709.
C. Ahn et al., “Exercise Training Remodels Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Adults with Obesity Even without Weight Loss,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 600, no. 9, pp. 2127–2146, May 2022, doi: 10.1113/JP282371.
C. Gonçalves, A. Raimundo, A. Abreu, J. Pais, and J. Bravo, “Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Body Composition and Blood Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Rev Cardiovasc Med, vol. 25, no. 3, 2024, doi: 10.31083/J.RCM2503102.
F. Armannia, F. Ghazalian, M. Shadnoush, H. Keyvani, and M. Gholami, “Effects of High-Intensity Interval Vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Body Composition and Gene Expression of ACE2, NLRP3, and FNDC5 in Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Med J Islam Repub Iran, vol. 36, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.47176/mjiri.36.161.
N. A. Rohmansyah, R. Ka Praja, Y. Phanpheng, and A. Hiruntrakul, “High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Improving Physical Health in Elderly Women,” Inquiry (United States), vol. 60, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1177/00469580231172870.
W. Shi et al., “The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Visceral Fat and Carotid Hemodynamics Parameters in Obese Adults,” J Exerc Sci Fit, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 355–365, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.09.001.