1. General Information

The International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal published by PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional. The journal publishes original scientific articles that contribute to the advancement of public health and health sciences at national and international levels.

IJPHE welcomes manuscripts from researchers, academics, healthcare professionals, practitioners, and other contributors whose work falls within the journal's aims and scope.

The journal covers, but is not limited to, the following areas:

• Public health sciences and health promotion.

• Reproductive health and maternal and child health.

• Nursing, midwifery, and healthcare services.

• Health management, health statistics, and health policy.

• Biomedical sciences and medical research.

• Infectious diseases and disease prevention.

• Environmental health and occupational health and safety.

• Oral health and medical sciences.

• Health technology, innovation, and health insurance.

• Universal health coverage and healthcare systems.

Articles must demonstrate originality, scientific rigor, relevance to health sciences, and a clear contribution to existing knowledge.

2. Types of Manuscripts

IJPHE primarily considers original research articles and other scientific contributions relevant to its scope. Authors should ensure that their manuscript fits the journal's subject areas and meets appropriate scientific standards.

Recommended manuscript categories include:

1. Original Research Articles — reports of original empirical research using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method approaches.

2. Review Articles — critical syntheses of existing research, including systematic reviews and other evidence-based reviews.

3. Case Reports or Case Studies — relevant and scientifically justified reports of clinical, healthcare, or public health cases, subject to editorial suitability.

4. Short Communications — concise reports of significant preliminary findings or focused research contributions.

Acceptance of a particular manuscript category is subject to editorial approval. The journal's published submission instructions should take precedence where they specify a narrower range of article types.

3. Language and Originality

All manuscripts must be written in English and use clear, accurate, and academically appropriate language. Authors are responsible for proofreading their manuscripts before submission.

Submitted manuscripts must:

• Present original work that has not been published previously.

• Not be under consideration by another journal at the same time.

• Properly acknowledge and cite all sources used.

• Avoid plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, and other forms of research misconduct.

• Clearly identify the research objectives, methods, findings, and scientific contribution.

• Disclose any relevant conflicts of interest and sources of research funding.

Manuscripts may be screened for plagiarism before peer review. Submissions that violate publication ethics or fail to meet the journal's standards may be rejected.

4. Manuscript Preparation and Formatting

Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the following requirements.

The formatting requirements above follow the journal's published submission checklist and Author Guidelines. Authors should also consult the official manuscript template, where available.

5. Manuscript Structure

For an original research article, authors are encouraged to organize the manuscript into the following sections.

5.1 Title

The title must be concise, informative, and specific to the research topic. It should clearly communicate the main focus of the study and contain no more than 12 words. Acronyms and abbreviations should be avoided in the title.

5.2 Author Information

Provide the full name of each author, institutional affiliation, city, country, and the corresponding author's email address.

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the editorial office and for coordinating manuscript revisions and approvals among all co-authors.

For double-blind peer review: identifying information must be removed from the anonymized manuscript file. Author names and affiliations should be provided in the appropriate metadata fields or a separate title page, as directed by the submission system.

5.3 Abstract

The abstract must not exceed 200 words and must be understandable without referring to the main text. It should briefly describe:

• The background and research problem.

• The objective of the study.

• The research design and methods.

• The principal findings.

• The main conclusion and implications.

Citations should not be included in the abstract.

5.4 Keywords

Provide keywords that accurately represent the main concepts of the article. Keywords should improve discoverability and reflect the subject, population, methods, or principal variables of the research.

Authors are encouraged to use recognized public health terminology, including relevant Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms where appropriate.

5.5 Introduction

The Introduction should establish the context and significance of the research. It should include:

• The background and current state of knowledge.

• The research problem or knowledge gap.

• Relevant findings from previous studies.

• The rationale and novelty of the study.

• The specific research objectives or hypotheses.

Authors should cite relevant and recent scientific literature to demonstrate the need for the study. The journal's published guidelines recommend at least 10 references in the Introduction to establish the research context and novelty.

5.6 Research Method

The Methods section must provide sufficient detail for readers to evaluate the validity of the research and, where applicable, reproduce the study.

Depending on the research design, this section should describe:

• Research design and study setting.

• Study population, participants, and sampling procedures.

• Inclusion and exclusion criteria, where applicable.

• Data sources, instruments, and data collection procedures.

• Variables and outcome measures.

• Statistical analyses or qualitative data analysis methods.

• Ethical approval, informed consent, and participant protection, where applicable.

For studies involving human participants, authors must comply with applicable ethical standards and provide the ethics committee's name and approval reference when required. Any applicable consent requirements should also be stated.

5.7 Results and Discussion

The Results and Discussion section should present the main findings clearly and logically. Authors should:

• Report findings that directly address the research objectives.

• Include appropriate statistical results and measures where relevant.

• Use tables and figures to support, rather than unnecessarily duplicate, the text.

• Compare the findings with relevant previous studies.

• Explain possible reasons for similarities or differences with earlier research.

• Discuss the implications for public health practice, policy, research, or healthcare services.

• Acknowledge study limitations and potential sources of bias.

Interpretations must be supported by the results and appropriate scientific references.

5.8 Conclusion

The Conclusion should summarize the principal findings and their significance. It should directly address the research objectives and remain consistent with the evidence presented.

Authors may also identify practical implications, recommendations, and priorities for future research. New data or claims unsupported by the study should not be introduced in this section.

5.9 Acknowledgments and Funding

Authors may acknowledge individuals or institutions that contributed to the research but do not qualify for authorship.

All sources of financial support should be disclosed. If the study received no specific funding, authors may state this explicitly.

5.10 Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, or personal relationships that could reasonably be perceived to influence the research or its interpretation.

If no conflicts exist, the following statement may be used: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

5.11 References

All sources cited in the manuscript must appear in the reference list, and every reference listed must be cited in the text.

The journal uses a numbered citation system in square brackets, following the order in which sources first appear in the manuscript.

• A single source: Previous research has demonstrated this relationship [1].

• Multiple sources: Similar findings have been reported in earlier studies [2], [4], [6].

• A sequence of sources: Several studies support this conclusion [7]–[10].

Authors should prioritize relevant peer-reviewed journal articles, provide DOI links whenever available, and ensure that bibliographic information is complete and accurate.

The published guidelines recommend approximately 25–30 references, depending on the manuscript's length, with 20–30% of references drawn from recent publications. Excessive self-citation should be avoided.

6. Tables and Figures

Tables and figures must be relevant to the research objectives and cited in the main text.

Tables

• Number tables consecutively as Table 1, Table 2, and so forth.

• Provide a clear, descriptive title above each table.

• Use concise and informative column headings.

• Explain abbreviations, symbols, and statistical notes below the table when necessary.

• Include the source and appropriate attribution for adapted or reproduced material.

• Avoid repeating information already adequately presented in the text or figures.

Figures

• Number figures consecutively as Figure 1, Figure 2, and so forth.

• Place the caption below each figure.

• Ensure that images, charts, diagrams, and photographs are clear and legible.

• Explain abbreviations and symbols in the caption or figure notes.

• Provide appropriate citations and permissions for material reproduced from other sources.

These requirements are consistent with the journal's published guidance on tables, figures, and their relationship to the manuscript text.

7. Research Ethics and Publication Integrity

Authors must ensure that their research complies with accepted ethical and scientific standards.

Specific responsibilities include:

1. Human participants: Obtain appropriate ethics approval and informed consent when required by the research design and applicable regulations.

2. Animal research: Follow applicable institutional and legal requirements for animal welfare and ethical approval.

3. Originality: Ensure that the manuscript is original and that all borrowed ideas, text, and data are properly attributed.

4. Authorship: Include only individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions and ensure that all authors approve the submitted manuscript.

5. Data integrity: Report research methods and findings accurately without fabrication or falsification.

6. Conflicts of interest: Disclose relevant competing interests and funding sources.

7. Corrections: Notify the editor promptly if a significant error is identified in a published article.

IJPHE applies publication ethics principles and may reject manuscripts that fail to meet its ethical requirements.

8. Submission Procedure

Manuscripts must be submitted through the journal's online submission system.

The journal applies a double-blind review process, and the editorial team makes publication decisions based on reviewer assessments and editorial judgment. Submission does not guarantee acceptance.

9. Submission Preparation Checklist

Before submitting, authors should verify that:

• The manuscript falls within the aims and scope of IJPHE.
• The manuscript is original and is not simultaneously under consideration by another journal.
• The manuscript is written in English and follows the prescribed formatting requirements.
• The title contains no more than 12 words.
• The abstract does not exceed 200 words and contains no citations.
• The research methods and results are adequately described.
• All in-text citations correspond to entries in the reference list.
• Tables and figures are numbered, captioned, and cited in the text.
• Research ethics approval and informed consent are documented where applicable.
• Conflicts of interest and funding sources are disclosed.
• The manuscript has been anonymized for double-blind review, where required.
• The submission checklist in the online system has been completed.

10. Copyright and Open Access

IJPHE operates as an open-access journal. According to its published copyright notice, authors retain copyright to their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. The journal's stated licensing terms should be consulted when submitting and publishing an article.

Authors are encouraged to ensure that any additional distribution of their published work acknowledges the original publication in IJPHE and complies with the applicable license.

11. Contact Information