Relationship between Body Mass Index and Backpack Load with Shoulder Pain Complaints among First-Grade Junior High School Students
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Abstract
Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints among school-aged adolescents and has the potential to interfere with learning activities and daily functioning. This complaint is thought to be influenced by various factors, including Body Mass Index (BMI) and the use of overweight backpacks, which may increase mechanical stress on the shoulder structures. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and backpack load with shoulder pain complaints among first-grade students at SMP Negeri 5 Abiansemal, Badung, Bali. This study employed a quantitative analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 78 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. BMI data were obtained through measurements of body weight and height, backpack load was measured using a digital scale, and shoulder pain complaints were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed no significant relationship between BMI and shoulder pain complaints (p = 0.532), whereas a significant relationship was found between backpack load and shoulder pain complaints (p < 0.001), indicating that heavier backpack loads are associated with a higher risk of shoulder pain. Backpack load management is recommended as a strategy to prevent musculoskeletal complaints among students.
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