Nutritional Status on the Cognitive Development of Early Childhood (5-6 Years) at TKQ/TPQ Al hafiz Medan
Keywords:
cognitive, child age early, nutritionAbstract
Research purposes are analyzing nutritional status, stimulation, psychosocial factors, and influencing factors in cognitive development in preschool children. Study This was carried out in Babakan Village, District Dramaga, Bogor Regency, West Java. Study This cross-sectional design was done with respondents mothers who have children ages 3–5 years old. Fifty-eight children are involved. Spread-level education Mother Of the various percentages, the largest (44.8%) had a high school education. About 78% of per capita income families are classified as not poor and 22.4% are in the poor category. The average score of knowledge nutrition for mothers amounted to 76.7 ± 2.5 (the category currently). Most of the child preschools (84.4%) have score stimulation psychosocial in category medium (30-45). Nutritional status of toddlers showed that 15.5% of toddlers were underweight, 5.2% were underweight, 3.4% were severely underweight, and 19% of children entered the categories of short and very short (stunted). Regression results gradually show that stimulation psychosocial (P<0.001), participation in early childhood education (P = 0.002), and nutritional status based on index height against age (P = 0.028) had an effect positive and significant on the development of cognitive child preschool (adjusted R2, 0.434; P = 0.028).
Downloads
References
Abbaspour, N.; Hurrell, R.; Kelishadi , R. Reviews on Iron and Its Importance for Human Health. J. Res. Med. Sci. 2014 , 19 , 164–174. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999603/
Albright, C.D.; Friedrich, C.B.; Brown, E.C.; Mar, MH; Zeisel, SH Maternal Dietary Choline Availability Alters Mitosis, Apoptosis and the Localization of TOAD-64 Protein in the Developing Fetal Rat Septum. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 1999 , 115 , 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-3806(99)00057-7
Albright, C.D.; Tsai, AY; Friedrich, C.B.; Mar, M.-H.; Zeisel, SH Choline Availability Alters Embryonic Development of the Hippocampus and Septum in the Rat. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 1999 , 113 , 13–20. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-3806(98)00183-7
Black, MM Zinc deficiency and Child Development. Am. J. Clin. Nutr . 1998 , 68 (Suppl. S2), 464S–469S. http://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/68.2.464S
Black, R.E.; Victora, CG; Walker, S.P.; Bhutta, Z.A.; Christian, P.; de Onis, M.; Ezzati, M.; Grantham-McGregor, S.; Katz, J.; Martorell, R.; et al. Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group. Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Overweight in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. Lancet 2013 , 382 , 427–451. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
Bourre, J.M. Effects of Nutrients (in Food) on the Structure and Function of the Nervous System: Update on Dietary Requirements for Brain. Part 1: Micronutrients. J. Nutr . Health Aging 2006 , 10 , 377–385. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17066209
Bourre, J.M Roles of Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Especially Omega-3 Fatty acids) in the Brain at Various Ages and during Aging. J. Nutr . Health Aging 2004 , 8 , 163–174. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15129302
Clandinin , M.T.; Van Aerde , J.E.; Merkel, K.L.; Harris, C.L.; Springer, M.A.; Hansen, J.W.; Diersen-Schade, DA Growth and Development of Preterm Infants Feds Infant Formulas Containing Docosahexaenoic AC ID and Arachidonic AC ID. J. Pediatr . 2005 , 146 , 461–468. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.11.030
Crider, K.S.; Yang, T.P.; Berry, R.J.; Bailey, LB Folate and DNA Methylation: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and the Evidence for Folate's Roles. Adv. Nutr . 2012 , 3 , 21–38. http://doi.org/10.3945/an.111.000992
Cusick, S.E.; Georgieff, MK The Role of Nutrition in Brain Development: The Golden Opportunity of the “First 1000 Days”. J. Pediatr . 2016 , 175 , 16–21. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.013
De Onis, M.; Monteiro, C.; Akré , J.; Glugston , G. The Worldwide Magnitude of Protein-Energy Malnutrition: An Overview from the WHO Global Databases on Child Growth. Bull. World Health Organ. 1993 , 71 , 703–712. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8313488
De Onis, MBM Quantifying the Health Impact at National and Local Levels. Available online: https://www.who.int/ quantifyingehimpacts /publications/MalnutritionEBD12.pdf (accessed on 31 August 2021).
De- Regil , LM; Fernández-Gaxiola, AC; Dowswell , T.; Peña-Rosas, JP Effects and Safety of Periconceptional Folate Supplements - tation for Preventing Birth Defects. Cochrane Databases Syst. Rev. 2010 , CD007950. http://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007950.pub2
Dror, DK; Allen, LH Effect of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on Neurodevelopment in Infants: Current Knowledge and Possible Mechanisms. Nutr . Rev. 2008 , 66 , 250–255. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00031.x
FHI Solutions LLC. Why 1000 Days. Available on line: https://thousanddays.org/why-1000-days/ (accessed on 31 August 2021).
Gámiz , F.; Gallo, M. A Systematic Review of the Dietary Choline Impact on Cognition from a Psychobiological Approach: Insights from Animals Studies. Nutrients 2021 , 13 , 1966. http://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061966
Golub, MS; Ken, CL; Gershwin, ME; Hendrickx, AG Developmental Zinc deficiency and Behaviour. J. Nutr . 1995 , 125 (Suppl. S8), 2263S–2271S. http://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.suppl8.2263S
Grantham-McGregor, S. A Reviews of Studies of the Effect of Severe Malnutrition on Mental Development. J. Nutr . 1995 , 125 (Suppl. S8), 2233S–2238S. http://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.suppl8.2233S
Homan, G.J Failure to Thrive: A Practical Guide. Am. Fam. Physician 2016 , 94 , 295–299. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27548594/
Kapil, U. Health Consequences of Iodine deficiency. Sultan Qaboos Univ. Med. J. 2007 , 7 , 267–272. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074887/
Lenroot , R.K.; Giedd, JN Brain Development in Children and Adolescents: Insights from Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neurosci . Biobehav . Rev. 2006 , 30 , 718–729. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.001
Mahan, LK; Raymond, JL Krause's Food & The Nutrition Care Process , 14th ed.; Elsevier Inc.: St. Louis, MO, USA, 2017; pp. 257–260. https://shop.elsevier.com/books/krause-and-mahans-food-and-the-nutrition-care-process/raymond/978-0-323-63655-1
Martins, V.J.B.; Toledo Florêncio, TMM; Grillo, L.P.; do Carmo P Franco, M.; Martins, PA; Clemente, APG; Santos, CDL; de Fatima A Vieira, M.; Sawaya, AL Long-Lasting Effects of Undernutrition. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011 , 8 , 1817–1846. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8061817
McCann, S.; Perapoch Amado, M.; Moore, S.E The Roles of Iron in Brain Development: A Systematic Reviews. Nutrients 2020 , 12 , 2001. http://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072001
Mehta, N.M.; Corkins, M.R.; Lyman, B.; Malone, A.; Goday , P.S.; Carney, L.N.; Monczka , J.L.; Plogsted , S.W.; Schwenk, W.F.; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Board of Directors. Defining Pediatric Malnutrition: A Paradigm Shift toward Etiology-Related Definitions: A Paradigm Shifts toward Etiology-Related Definitions. JPEN J. Parenter . Enter. Nutr . 2013 , 37 , 460–481. http://doi.org/10.1177/0148607113479972
Monk, C.; Georgieff, MK; Osterholm, EA Research Review: Maternal Prenatal Distress and Poor Nutrition—Mutually Influencing Risk Factors Affecting Infant Neurocognitive Development: Maternal Prenatal Distress and Poor Nutrition. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry 2013 , 54 , 115–130. http://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12000
Muñoz, P.; Humeres , A. Iron deficiency on Neuronal Function. Biometals 2012 , 25 , 825–835. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-012-9550-x
Olsen, E.M Failure to Thrive: Still a Problem of Definitions. Clin. Pediatr . 2006 , 45 , 1–6. http://doi.org/10.1177/000992280604500101
Pollitt, E.; Gorman, KS; Engle, OT; Rivera, JA; Martorell, R. Nutrition in Early Life and the Fulfillment of Intellectual Potential. J. Nutr . 1995 , 125 (Suppl. S4), 1111S–1118S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7536831
Prasad, AS Discovery of Human Zinc Deficiency and Studies in an Experimental Human Model. Am. J. Clin. Nutr . 1991 , 53 , 403–412. http://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/53.2.403
Prasad, AS Impact of the Discovery of Human Zinc Deficiency on Health. O'clock. Coll. Nutr . 2009 , 28 , 257–265. http://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2009.10719780
Sigmon, M.; McDonald, MA; Neumann, C.; Bwibo , N. Prediction of Cognitive Competence in Kenyan Children from Toddlers Nutrition, Family Characteristics and Abilities. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry 1991 , 32 , 307–320. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00309.x
Strain, J.J.; McSorley, E.M.; van Wijngaarden , E.; Kobrosly , R.W.; Bonham, M.P.; Mulhern, MS; McAfee, A.J.; Davidson, PW; Shamlaye , CF; Henderson, J.; et al. Choline Status and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 5 Years of Age in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study. Br. J. Nutr . 2013 , 110 , 330–336. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512005077
Todorich , B.; Pasquini, JM; Garcia, CI; Paez, PM; Connor, J.R Oligodendrocytes and Myelination: The Roles of Iron. Glia 2009 , 57 , 467–478. http://doi.org/10.1002/glia.20784
Wachs, TD Relations of Mild-to-Moderate Malnutrition to Human Development: Correlational Studies. J. Nutr . 1995 , 125 ( Suppl. S8), 2245S–2254S. http://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.suppl8.2245S
Weiser, M.J.; Butt, C.M.; Mohajeri, MH Docosahexaenoic Acid and Cognition throughout the Lifespan. Nutrients 2016 , 8 , 99. http://doi.org/10.3390/nu8020099
Winje, BA; Kvestad , I.; Krishnamachari , S.; Manji, K.; Taneja, S.; Bellinger, DC; Bhandari, N.; Bisht, S.; Darling, AM; Duggan, CP; et al. Does Early Vitamin B12 Supplementation Improve Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Childhood and into School Age: A Study Protocol for Extended Follow-Ups from Randomized Controlled Trials in India and Tanzania. BMJ Open 2018 , 8 , e018962. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018962
World Health Organization (WHO). Malnutrition Fact Sheets. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ details/malnutrition (accessed on 20 July 2021).
World Health Organization. UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank Group Joints Child Malnutrition Estimates: Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: Key Findings of the 2021 Edition. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025 257 (accessed on 31 July 2021).
Youdim , MB; Yehuda, S. The Neurochemical Basis of Cognitive Deficits Induced by Brain Iron Deficiency: Involvement of Dopamine-Opiate Systems. Cell. Mol. Biol. 2000 , 46 , 491–500. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10872737/
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Maimunah. R, Wilda Yunita, Yuni Ramadhani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
