The International Journal of Economics (IJEC) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. The journal follows established publication ethics principles and relevant guidelines from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when handling corrections and retractions of published articles.

1. Corrections

Corrections may be issued when errors are identified in a published article that affect the accuracy, clarity, or interpretation of the content but do not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions.

Authors should promptly notify the editorial office if they discover significant errors in their published work. The editorial team will evaluate the reported errors and determine whether a correction notice is necessary.

Published corrections will clearly identify the affected article and explain the changes made to ensure transparency and preserve the integrity of the academic record.

2. Retractions

A published article may be retracted if there is clear evidence of serious problems that undermine the reliability or ethical validity of the research. Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• Plagiarism or substantial unattributed duplication.

• Fabrication or falsification of data or research findings.

• Serious errors that invalidate the article's main conclusions.

• Unethical research practices or significant violations of publication ethics.

• Duplicate publication or other forms of publication misconduct.

Retraction decisions will be made by the editorial team following a fair assessment of the available evidence and, where appropriate, consultation with the authors, reviewers, independent experts, or relevant institutions.

3. Retraction Procedure

Before making a final decision, the journal will provide the authors with an opportunity to respond to the concerns raised, where appropriate. The journal may proceed with a retraction when the available evidence justifies such action, even if the authors disagree.

A retraction notice will explain the reason for the retraction and identify the original article. The retracted article will remain accessible where possible, clearly marked as retracted, to preserve the scholarly record and maintain transparency.

4. Editorial Responsibility

The editorial team is responsible for evaluating correction and retraction requests objectively and consistently. All decisions will prioritize research integrity, transparency, and the interests of the scholarly community.

IJEC is committed to correcting the academic record promptly and responsibly in accordance with recognized publication ethics standards, including applicable COPE guidance.

Contact: Authors and readers may report errors or concerns regarding published articles through the official IJEC website: https://ejournal.ipinternasional.com/index.php/ijec