The Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence Utilization and Self-Efficacy on the Performance of Elementary School Teachers in Subulussalam City
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Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly transforming education by providing new opportunities to support teachers in professional tasks, including lesson planning, instructional material development, assessment design, and pedagogical innovation. However, technology adoption alone does not necessarily improve teacher performance, as its effectiveness may also depend on psychological factors, particularly teachers’ self-efficacy. This study aimed to examine the effects of GenAI use and teacher self-efficacy on the performance of primary school teachers in Subulussalam City, Aceh, Indonesia. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring GenAI use, teacher self-efficacy, and teacher performance. Linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of the independent variables on teacher performance. The results showed that GenAI use had a positive and statistically significant effect on teacher performance (β = 0.286, t = 4.028, p < 0.001). Teacher self-efficacy also had a positive and statistically significant effect on teacher performance (β = 0.471, t = 6.926, p < 0.001). The larger regression coefficient for self-efficacy indicated that it was a stronger predictor of teacher performance than GenAI use in the model. These findings demonstrate that GenAI can contribute to improving teachers’ professional performance, but its benefits may depend on teachers’ confidence and ability to use the technology effectively. Therefore, providing access to GenAI should be accompanied by continuous professional development that strengthens teachers’ AI literacy, pedagogical competence, and self-efficacy. An integrated approach combining technological innovation with professional and psychological capacity building is essential to maximize the benefits of GenAI for primary school teachers.
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